thnidu: Tom Baker's Dr. Who, as an anthropomorphic hamster, in front of the Tardis. ©C.T.D'Alessio http://tinyurl.com/9q2gkko (Dr. Whomster)
thnidu ([personal profile] thnidu) wrote in [site community profile] dw_biz 2012-07-18 02:26 pm (UTC)

Language codes

IETF codes can be much more complex and involve many optional components, potentially leading to effort wasted on whether or not a particular option is necessary. They may have been more stable than ISO 639-3; I do not know if future stability is guaranteed for ISO 639-3.

As a linguistic researcher at the Linguistic Data Consortium UPenn, I work with ISO 639-3 codes every day. They are maintained by the Ethnologue Languages of the World site. Their language name index page is headed
  Listing of 7413 primary names only.
  For 41,186 alternate names and dialect names use the site search.

Each of those codes specifies a single language -- or sometimes a dialect or group of dialects, since Nature doesn't draw thick sharp lines the way our naming customs pretend she did. Multiple alternate names can be linked to a single code--
  • Galician
    A language of Spain
    ISO 639-3: glg
    Population 3,170,000 in Spain (1986). Population total all countries: 3,185,000.
    Region Northwest Spain, Galicia Autonomous Region. Also in Portugal.
    Language map Portugal and Spain
    Alternate names Galego, Gallego

and homonymous names can be distinguished by the code:
  • Romani, Carpathian
    A language of Czech Republic
    ISO 639-3: rmc
    Also spoken in:
    • Poland
      Language name Romani, Carpathian
      Dialects Galician, Transylvanian.
    • Romania
      Language name Romani, Carpathian
      Dialects Galician, Transylvanian.


Furthermore, the ISO 639-3 codes can be extended for dialects and subgroups. The LINGUIST LIST maintains many of the extensions, as well as codes for additional extinct, ancient, historic, and constructed languages.

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